The tape, purportedly carrying the voice of Mehsud, condemned the rumours of his death, but made no reference to the raid which killed 18 people in North Waziristan.
"Sometimes they [the government] launch propaganda about my martyrdom through media and sometimes they say that the operation has been completed in South Waziristan," the recording, released to media on Friday, said.
"This can never happen," it continued, referring to military operations against Taliban strongholds launched last year.
Reporters familiar with Mehsud said the voice appeared to be his, but it was impossible to confirm if it was recorded before or after Thursday's raid.
Mehsud is know to have recorded a number of similar tapes after an attempt on his life in October.
Conflicting reports emerged from intelligence agents and security officials on Friday, with some saying Mehsud was injured, while others said the he and some of his senior commanders were probably killed."So far we do not have confirmation of him either getting killed or getting injured. It will take a little more time to confirm this or otherwise," Major-General Athar Abbas, a military spokesman, told the AFP news agency.
The Taliban has issued a number of statements denying Mehsud's death, and Azam Tariq, one of their spokesmen, said his boss had left the Shaktoi area struck by the missiles "40 to 60 minutes" before the raid.
"Hakimullah is alive and safe. I met with him last night, there was not even a scratch on him," Tariq told AFP on Friday.
Mehsud took over as leader of the Pakistani Taliban five months ago, after Baitullah Mehsud, his predecessor, was killed in a US drone attack.
The Taliban denied Baitullah Mehsud's death for weeks, apparently amid fierce infighting over his successor.
The "Mehsud audiotape" was released against a backdrop of continued violence in different parts of Pakistan.
A suicide bomber attacked a military vehicle in the southern part of Pakistani-administered Kashmir on Saturday, killing two soldiers, security officials said.
The bomber attacked the vehicle as it was travelling near the town of Rawalakot, the officials said.
"It was a suicide blast, the target was an army vehicle," Sardar Khurshid, a senior police official, told the AFP news agency by telephone.
Chaudhry Raqeeb, a senior administrative official, told AFP: "Two security personnel have been injured. The injured were immediately shifted to the nearby hospital."
On December 27, a suicide bomber killed seven people outside a Shia Muslim mosque in Muzaffarabad, the capital of Pakistani Kashmir.
The Kashmir bombing followed US drone raids in North Waziristan in which at least five fighters were killed.
One of those killed on Friday was on the FBI's most-wanted list, Pakistani intelligence officials said.
Jamal Saeed Abdul Rahim was reportedly wanted for his alleged role in a deadly 1986
plane hijacking and had a $5 million bounty on his head.
The FBI's website identifies him as a Palestinian with possible Lebanese citizenship, who was a member of the armed Palestinian group Abu Nidal.
The Pakistani officials called him an al-Qaeda member.